The city of MADRID, with a population of almost three and a half million spreads out to the foothills of the Sierrade Guadarrama in the north and the Sierra de Gredos in the west, so for the residents of the capital there are some stunning areas of natural beauty, and ski resorts within easy reach. The historic centre surrounds the Plaza Mayor from where the Calle Mayor leads to the Royal Palace. The city is famous for its fountains, restaurants, tapas bars and its museums and art galleries, notably the triangle of the Prado, Reina Sofia and Thyssen.
Outside the city boundaries are two of Spain’s most impressive buildings. On the south side is the magnificent Royal Palace beside the River Tajo (Tagus) at Aranjuez for which the “Concierto de Aranjuez” was written, while 45 km from Madrid, in the foothills of the Sierra de Guadarrama, is the grand Renaissance Palace of El Escorial, built in 1563 by Philip II as a burial place for his father Carlos V. Thirty km from Madrid with good connections by road and rail is the historic town of Alcalá de Henares. The home of Cervantes, this has been a World Heritage Site since 1998 and contains over 450 listed buildings, many of which are colleges of the world-famous university, including an Irish College which opened in 1630. There are archaeological remains dating back to Celtiberian settlements. The town is said to have the longest arcaded Calle Mayor in Spain.